International Journal Of Technical Vocational And Engineering Technology
The International Journal of Technical Vocational and Engineering Technology (iJTvET) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Malaysian Technical Doctorate Association (MTDA). It aims to advance knowledge and practice in technical vocational education and engineering technology. iJTvET covers various topics, including innovations in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), applied research in various engineering technology disciplines, and integrating industry needs with educational programs. The journal also explores workforce development strategies, innovation and entrepreneurship within the technical and engineering sectors, and policy and management issues related to TVET and engineering. With its interdisciplinary approach, iJTvET is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and industry practitioners. The journal is indexed in ROAD, Google Scholar, and MyJurnal, ensuring wide accessibility and visibility to a global audience.
Persatuan Kedoktoran Teknikal Malaysia (PKTM)
The content of The International Journal of Technical Vocational and Engineering Technology (IJTVET) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY NC ND 4.0). Authors transfer the ownership of their articles' copyright and publication right to the International Journal of Technical Vocational and Engineering Technology (IJTVET). Permission is granted to the Malaysian Technical Doctorate Association (MTDA) to publish the submitted articles. The authors also permit any third party to freely share the article as long as the original authors and citation information are properly cited.
A Practical Approach To The Optimization Of Vertical Linear Antenna Arrays For Dtv Reception
This study presents a practical optimization approach for a vertical linear Yagi-Uda array to enhance digital television (DTV) reception in rural and suburban areas. A manual parametric sweep in CST Studio Suite was used to optimize element lengths and spacing, targeting the DVB-T2 sub-band of 520–647 MHz. The proposed two-element vertical linear Yagi-Uda array achieved a return loss of −32.5 dB and an average gain improvement of 3.12 dB over a single-element configuration, with a peak gain of 12.9 dBi. Statistical analysis confirmed the improvement was significant (p < 0.05) without introducing adverse effects on bandwidth or impedance matching. Compared with published manual sweep and simulation-based optimization methods, this design achieves competitive performance while requiring no external optimization integration, offering a faster, more straightforward workflow for practical DTV deployment.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal Of Technical Vocational And Engineering Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
A Mobile Serious Game for Nutrition Education in Oman: LaObeseAn AHP-Guided Approach to Childhood Obesity Through Interactive Health and Learning Technologies
LaObese is an interdisciplinary serious game designed to address preschool obesity among Omani children by providing engaging gameplay and culturally relevant nutrition education. The title of the game derives from the Arabic words “La” meaning “no”, and “obesity”, signifying a stance against obesity. Healthy and familiar foods for children were prioritised through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in collaboration with Omani nutrition specialists. Omani cuisine and culture serve as a basis for the simulation of healthy meal assembly, physical activity, knowledge assessments, and virtual doctor feedback across four interactive levels. Concise instructions and more motivating rewards improved usability and appeal during a pre-launch pilot test involving 6 six-year-olds and parents. The final evaluation utilised Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use (USE) and User Motivation Inventory (UMI) questionnaires to assess children's diet, knowledge, usability, and motivation prior to and following the LaObese game. Participation in LaObese showed a statistically significant improvement in children’s healthy food choices (p < 0.001) and enhanced nutrition knowledge, as evidenced by quiz scores. The USE questionnaire indicated significant utility, ease of use, and enjoyment, while the UMI demonstrated a strong inner urge to play. Interviews with nutritionists affirmed the cultural significance and educational value of the game. As the first Arabic game to incorporate AHP-driven modelling for childhood obesity prevention, this work demonstrates how culturally sensitive, gamified interventions can promote healthier lifestyle behaviours among young children. The findings contribute to research in e-health, educational game design, and culturally informed human-computer interaction.
Performance Design and Evaluation of 4G LTE and 5G NSA Networks for LTE Home
The rapid evolution of cellular telecommunications has enabled high-speed network services, yet coverage in densely populated and geographically challenging areas remains a significant hurdle. This study proposes the implementation of 'LTE Home' using Software-Defined Radio (SDR) to mitigate issues such as weak signals, high interference, and limited sectoral antenna coverage. Performance was evaluated through drive tests in the Siteba area, comparing 4G LTE and 5G Non-standalone (NSA) networks across Radio Frequency (RF) parameters—including RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, and throughput—and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. Initial measures indicated that while the 4G LTE network maintained relatively stable performance, with 38.81% of RSRP readings classified as 'good', the 5G NSA network underperformed. Specifically, 84.06% of 5G SINR readings were in the 'fair' category, and 68.58% of throughput readings were classified as 'poor'. The implementation of LTE Home technology yielded a substantial enhancement in network quality, particularly at measurement points initially exhibiting weak signals. On the 4G LTE network, RSRP improved from -88.9 dBm to -60 dBm, while RSRQ rose from -14.9 dB to -8 dB. Furthermore, the solution significantly optimised QoS, reducing latency to 16 milliseconds and jitter to 30 milliseconds. These findings demonstrate that SDR-based LTE Home implementation effectively addresses coverage gaps and enhances the consumer network experience in challenging environments.
Performance Analysis of an Off-Grid Solar Power Plant for Meeting Multi-Building Electricity Demands at Polytechnic State of Padang
This study evaluates the operational performance and economic potential of an off-grid solar power plant (SPP) installed at the Polytechnic State of Padang’s AC lecture building. Analysing data from January to May 2025, the research identifies a significant energy surplus, with the system generating between 10.36 kW and 36.84 kW against a maximum weekday demand of 15.54 kW. Technical analysis reveals that peak power reached a maximum of 40,298 W in April, reflecting optimal solar irradiation, while peak production consistently occurred between 09:00 and 10:00. The integrated battery system demonstrated robust performance, with the monthly average State of Charge (SoC) increasing from 57.12% in January to 63.23% in May, indicating progressive energy management optimisation. Charging and discharging efficiencies remained high, peaking at 93.19% in April. Despite a production decline in March due to inconsistent sky conditions, the system maintained a high total energy yield, with February recording the highest output at 2,960.07 kWh. Economic analysis indicates that the surplus energy presents a substantial opportunity for cost reduction. By redistributing excess power to adjacent buildings, the total potential cost savings for the five-month period were calculated at IDR 19,298,045.18. These findings suggest that the current off-grid installation is significantly underutilised and could serve as a primary energy source for a micro-grid network within the campus, enhancing both technical efficiency and financial sustainability.
Environmental Sustainability and Green Campus:Study on Knowledge and Practice of Using GreenEnvironmental Artifacts among TVET Students inSarawak
Environmental education plays an essential role in ensuring environmental sustainability and a green campus among students. The physical components and layouts of an establishment that are intended to preserve environmental sustainability are referred to as "green artifacts." These artifacts consist of infrastructure, materials, and structures that aid in educating the institution's staff about green practices. Sarawak has a growing number of TVET institutions, but empirical studies specifically focusing on students’ awareness and practices related to green artifacts remain very limited. Good environmental knowledge and practices serve as key drivers in increasing the use of green artifacts among TVET students. Therefore, this study is to reveal knowledge and practices of using green environmental artifacts among TVET student in Sarawak. The survey employed a quantitative approach using questionnaires involving 401 respondents (n=401). Research findings indicated that TVET students in Kuching had the knowledge and practice of using green environmental artefacts at a high level. This study implementation of green artefact environment among TVET students is important as it can influence their environmental practices and attitudes, which can lead towards the green campus.
Bending Strength Analysis of Polymer Composite Reinforced With Dried Leaves Filler
This study investigates the bending strength of polymer composite materials reinforced with crushed dried leaves as a natural filler, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibres. Eight different composite specimens were fabricated using various combinations of cement, polyester resin, river sand, and dried leaves, with compositions guided by previous research. Specimens were tested according to ASTM C580 using a three-point bending setup to evaluate flexural properties. Results revealed that polyester resin-based composites (ROO and RSO) exhibited the highest flexural strength, with ROO reaching 26.84 MPa and demonstrating significant ductility, while RSO showed superior stiffness (modulus of elasticity: 2367.2 MPa). Composites containing dried leaves (especially RDS) showed moderate strength (14.05MPa) but improved strain (0.0724) characteristics, indicating potential for energy-absorbing applications. Failure modes ranged from brittle fractures to ductile deformations, revealing how different material compositions influence mechanical behaviour. The findings affirm the feasibility of incorporating minimally processed dried leaves in polymer composites for structural and semi-structural applications, promoting environmentally friendly material innovation.
OSGMIS for Hospital Sustainability Reporting: Evaluating Advancements and Setbacks under Regulation 18/2022
This study evaluates the progress and challenges associated with the implementation of the Open-Source Generic Management Information System (OSGMIS) in hospitals, framed by Government Regulation Number 18 of 2022 regarding One Health Data. Specifically, it examines how this system facilitates sustainability reporting. Employing a methodology that combines a structured literature review with a targeted case study at the West Pasaman Regional Hospital, the research identifies significant technical and operational advancements, including enhanced data integration and improved administrative efficiency. However, the findings also highlight critical setbacks, such as infrastructure limitations, low awareness of sustainability practices, and inadequate human resource capacity. The study underscores that the effective realisation of Government Regulation Number 18 of 2022 requires a synergetic approach involving the government, hospital management, technology providers, and clinical staff. To address the identified gaps, the research recommends a shift toward qualitative methodologies in future studies. Conducting intensive interviews with management, medical personnel, IT specialists, and patients would provide deeper insights into the direct experiences and perceptions of stakeholders. Such nuanced data is essential for formulating targeted strategies to optimise OSGMIS adoption and ensure the long-term success of sustainability reporting within the healthcare sector.
Open-source Generic Management Information System
The Effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) Training Module: A Kirkpatrick-Based Framework from Development to Deployment
Augmented Reality (AR) in education has become popular as a novel resource to boost engagement and facilitate experiential learning. Nonetheless, numerous educators have limited experience with AR development tools, which hinders their ability to integrate this technology into their teaching effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a step-by-step AR Training Module, designed using Unity and Vuforia, through Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model: Reaction, Learning, Behaviour, and Results. A structured questionnaire of 20 Likert-scale items was administered to 37 lecturers from Politeknik Muadzam Shah and selected Kolej Komuniti institutions. The reliability test was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded values between 0.883 and 0.928, indicating high reliability. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine each Kirkpatrick level's mean and standard deviation, revealing strong agreement on the module’s effectiveness, particularly in the Reaction (M = 4.43, SD = 0.54) and Results (M = 4.08, SD = 0.71) domains. The Learning level also showed positive outcomes (M = 3.94, SD = 0.57), while the Behaviour level indicated moderate agreement (M= 3.70, SD = 0.63) regarding the application of acquired skills. These findings support the AR module's ability to deliver engaging, relevant content with measurable impact across different dimensions of learning effectiveness. Independent sample t-tests were performed to evaluate perceptions between institutions, revealing no statistically significant differences, indicating that the module is similarly practical across various educational environments. All statistical evaluations were performed utilising IBM SPSS Statistics version 31.0. The findings demonstrate that the AR module successfully assists beginner users in gaining essential skills in AR development and is positively regarded in diverse institutional settings. The lack of notable differences between institutions indicates that the module is flexible and can be expanded for broader application. This research contributes to the expanding literature on AR integration within education and presents a validated framework for assessing comparable digital training initiatives moving forward.
Optimized Occlusion Handling in Human Detection by Fusion of Thermal and Depth Images for Mobile Robots
In the domain of machine vision, surveillance systems serve as a security measure aimed at protecting public safety and properties. A key function of these systems is human detection. This paper introduces a human detection system that leverages thermal-depth information captured by a mobile robot in indoor settings. A novel fusion technique, termed Fusion of Thermal-Depth Information (FTDI), is proposed to enhance the segmentation process, ensuring robustness in various lighting conditions and improving processing speed. To address the challenge of occlusion, a new method known as the Occlusion Human Detector (OCHD) is introduced, which incorporates a pre-detector. This detector classifies occluded individuals using pixel codes derived from a candidate selection process. The results indicate that the proposed system achieves over 90% average accuracy across all datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithms. Its innovative contribution is enhancing the classification of individuals and their occlusions. The proposed system is noted for being computationally efficient and maintaining high performance even in conditions of significant occlusion and low illumination.
Integrating Engineering Innovations With Marketing Project Through Cdio-Based Multidisciplinary Project In Polytechnic To Enhance Learning Outcomes
This paper examines the integration of the CDIO (Conceive–Design– Implement–Operate) framework into multidisciplinary Final Year Projects at Politeknik Port Dickson, focusing on collaboration between the Mechanical Engineering and Commerce Departments. Traditionally, marketing plans have suffered from misalignments between Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs), Student Learning Time (SLT), and actual project execution, resulting in limited authenticity, innovation, and industry relevance. The study aimed to: (1) realign the marketing plan syllabus to strengthen the connection between theory and practice, (2) explore the process by which marketing students develop strategies for engineering- based products, and (3) assess how CDIO-based multidisciplinary projects support the achievement of marketing CLOs. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through direct participant observation. Findings indicate that CDIO multidisciplinary projects provided a structured and authentic platform for marketing students to apply theoretical concepts to real engineering innovations, thereby enhancing creativity, critical thinking, and teamwork. Students achieved stronger CLO alignment and produced more relevant marketing campaign materials. The paper concludes by proposing the adoption of CDIO multidisciplinary projects across polytechnics as a means to strengthen project quality, foster 21st-century skills, and improve graduate employability. Replication of this study in other institutions offering diploma-level marketing programms could yield deeper insights into best practices for managing marketing plan projects.
Proof Of Concept: Integrating Deep Learning And IOT In Oyster Mushroom Farming
This proof-of-concept study explores the integration of deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) farming to overcome challenges of manual monitoring, inconsistent yields, and resource inefficiency. The objective was to design and evaluate an intelligent system for automated environmental control and harvest prediction. Guided by the design thinking framework, the study progressed from problem identification to prototype development and testing. A solar-powered mushroom house (4 × 6 ft) was equipped with IoT sensors for temperature, humidity, air quality, and light, integrated with actuators for misting, ventilation, and lighting. Convolutional neural network models, trained using collected and historical datasets, enabled accurate harvest readiness prediction. Experimental results showed prediction accuracy of 85–92% and effective environmental regulation with reduced human intervention. Despite challenges related to sensor calibration, dataset size, and scalability, the findings validate the feasibility of IoT–deep learning integration. The novelty of this work lies in combining real-time sensing with predictive analytics, offering a sustainable and scalable pathway toward intelligent mushroom farming for smallholder agriculture.
Integrating ChatGPT Voice Chat As “Virtual Guest” In Enhancing Communication Skill Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): A Preliminary Study
This preliminary study explores the integration of ChatGPT Voice Chat as a “Virtual Guest” to enhance communication skills among hospitality students, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a guiding framework. The objective was to address skill gaps in communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving within hospitality education by implementing AI-driven simulation in a Front Office module. Using the design thinking process, two emotionally varied guest scenarios were developed and tested with 17 students. Quantitative data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, while qualitative insights were gathered through open-ended reflections. Findings revealed very strong, significant correlations between Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and communication skill enhancement. Thematic analysis further confirmed gains in confidence, clarity, empathy, and real-world readiness. This study provides novel evidence that AI-based voice simulations can meaningfully enhance soft skills training and support the relevance of TAM in evaluating educational technology adoption. The approach offers a scalable, interactive, and emotionally engaging alternative to traditional role-play, potentially transforming how communication skills are taught in hospitality education.
Designing a Sustainable Cultural Ecosystem Framework for Malaysian Polytechnics Using the CDIO Approach
This study introduces a purpose-driven Sustainable Cultural Ecosystem Framework (SCEF) designed specifically for Malaysian Polytechnics to embed sustainability comprehensively within institutional culture and educational practices across all facets of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Guided by a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology, the investigation progressed through four phases—assessing contextual needs, developing the framework model, engaging in expert validation, and executing successive refinements—drawing participation from 386 polytechnic staff and domain experts to ensure contextual and practical relevance. The proposed framework strategically integrates sustainability principles with the CDIO (Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate) engineering education model, fostering alignment between technical innovation and sustainable transformation while promoting curricular reform, inclusive governance, and value-driven cultural change. Four enabling dimensions emerged—sustainable leadership, strategic communication, staff engagement, and eco-oriented management competence—which collectively shape the SCEF model as a comprehensive institutional sustainability roadmap. The novelty of this work lies in merging cultural ecosystem theory and the CDIO methodology to produce a scalable, locally contextualized sustainability model for TVET, offering strategic guidance for policy-makers, educators, and administrators in nurturing future-ready polytechnics.
Student Perception on Project-Based Learning in E-Sports Using CDIO Framework
This study investigates student perceptions of project-based learning (PBL) in an e-sports co-curricular course delivered using the Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate (CDIO) framework at three Malaysian polytechnics. A total of 44 students participated in the pilot study during the 2024/2025 academic session. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire adapted from Li Chen et al. (2022), which was validated for reliability (Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.778 to 0.906 across different phases). Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS to examine students’ experiences in each CDIO phase, as well as their collaboration and communication skills. Findings indicate that students generally had a clear understanding of project objectives, applied creativity in design, engaged actively in implementation, and perceived their projects as successful and improvable. The findings indicate that CDIO-based PBL has the potential to enhance both technical and soft skills in e-sports education but with limited sample size and dependence on self-reported data, restrict the extent of results to be generalized. The study highlights the potential of CDIO to guide the development of structured e-sports curricula in three institution at Politeknik Malaysian while calling for further large-scale and inferential research.
Comparative Analysis Of Visitor Face Recognition Attendance Systems: Dashboard Themes Vs Bootstrap-Based Interfaces
The integration of face recognition technology into visitor attendance systems has significantly enhanced security, monitoring, and operational efficiency across institutional settings. This paper presents a comparative study between two systems: the Visitor Face Recognition Attendance Database System Using Dashboard Themes (VFRA-DT) and the Visitor Face Recognition Attendance System with Bootstrap-Based Interface (VFRA-BI). The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the systems based on critical dimensions, interface architectures and design, recognition performance, database efficiency, and overall system reliability, to select the most suitable interface for creating a visitor face recognition system. Both systems were designed to automate the visitor check-in process, eliminate manual logging, and provide administrators with real-time data visualization. VFRA-DT features a dashboard-centric design tailored for administrative control, while VFRA-BI focuses on modularity and responsive design using the Bootstrap framework. The systems were deployed and tested under diverse environmental conditions—such as varying lighting, backgrounds, and distances—to evaluate their accuracy, response time, error rates, and usability. The results indicate that VFRA-BI achieves higher recognition accuracy (92% vs. 89%), faster attendance logging (1.8s vs. 2.1s), more responsive database querying, and reduced system downtime compared to the baseline. VFRA-BI’s use of a machine learning-driven approach and flexible interface enhances its adaptability in dynamic settings. Meanwhile, VFRA-DT remains effective in more controlled environments, offering a user-friendly interface with reliable recognition capabilities. Nonetheless, both systems face limitations in low-light and complex background scenarios, particularly with darker face images. This study provides comparative insights to support the development and implementation of efficient, secure, and scalable face recognition systems for visitor management.
An ErgoStroke Home Healthcare Management System with Gesture-Based Communication and Vital Sign Tracking for Stroke Patients
Providing optimal care for homebound stroke patients remains a significant challenge due to limited mobility and substantial communication barriers. This project presents the enhanced ErgoStroke system, an ergonomic, wearable healthcare solution designed to facilitate patient-caregiver communication and real-time health monitoring. The system utilises customised finger gloves integrated with biomedical sensors to track vital signs, including oxygen saturation, heart rate, and body temperature. A primary innovation of this redesign is the implementation of a dual-mode feedback mechanism: a speaker module provides auditory confirmation of recognised gestures, while an LCD screen ensures visual request identification in quiet environments. Data management is facilitated through an ESP32-based web dashboard developed with Bootstrap, enabling caregivers to visualise real-time data and review historical health trends. Usability testing conducted with a stroke patient demonstrated high system accuracy, ease of use, and a marked improvement in caregiver response times. However, technical evaluations identified hardware instabilities related to portable jumper cables and ESP32 port conflicts. To ensure consistent performance and commercial viability, the study recommends the development of a dedicated Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Ultimately, ErgoStroke offers a comprehensive and reliable solution that empowers patients, reduces caregiver burden, and enhances the quality of long-term home-based healthcare.
Empowering Students' Problem-Solving Skills through CDIO-Based Learning Algorithm Using Sphero as Learning Tool in Programming
This action research investigates the effectiveness of a CDIO-based learning module using the Sphero robot to enhance algorithmic understanding and problem-solving skills among Semester 1 students enrolled in Programming Fundamental (SFC 10403) at Kolej Komuniti Gopeng. Eighteen students completed identical pre-test and post-test Likert-scale questionnaires assessing algorithmic comprehension and problem-solving ability, while structured teacher observation checklists tracked engagement and participation. Post-intervention mean scores increased substantially from approximately 2.17–2.44 in pre-test to 3.78–4.33 in post-test, indicating significant gains. This study addresses a research gap in the integration of CDIO pedagogy with educational robotics at the community college level, an area underexplored in existing literature. The findings suggest that combining CDIO with robotics offers a powerful, hands-on approach for strengthening programming pedagogy and aligning TVET curriculum design with Industry 4.0 skills demands, making it a valuable model for broader adoption in STEM and TVET education.
CDIO; problem-solving skills; programming; algorithmic; educational robotics;
Critical Design Thinking As A Supervisory Framework For Final Year Project Development In Biometric System
This paper examines the application of the Critical Design Thinking (CDT) framework as a supervisory model for the development of Final Year Projects (FYPs) in technical higher education. Traditional supervision methods, which often emphasize system deliverables and code functionality, tend to overlook the cultivation of reflective thinking and adaptive problem-solving skills crucial for 21st-century engineering graduates. Addressing this issue, the study aims to demonstrate how CDT can foster deeper learning outcomes, enhance student engagement, and promote innovation through structured, reflective, and iterative processes. This study employed a qualitative case study approach at a Malaysian polytechnic, focusing on the supervision of a student developing a facial recognition-based attendance system. The project progressed through the five phases of CDT —empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing—under close guidance from the supervisor, who served as a facilitator and co-learner. Data was collected through supervision logs, design journals, performance metrics, and reflective memos. Findings reveal that the system achieved up to 93% accuracy under optimal lighting and proximity conditions. Beyond technical success, the CDT approach contributed to notable gains in student coding proficiency, analytical reasoning, and contextual awareness. The iterative and collaborative nature of the CDT process facilitated timely adjustments to address environmental challenges, such as lighting variability and user interface considerations. The novelty of this study lies in repositioning FYP supervision as a dynamic, co-constructive practice rather than a linear delivery of technical tasks. This provides empirical validation of CDT as a scalable, pedagogically sound framework capable of aligning technical education with both industry expectations and broader societal needs. These insights offer significant implications for curriculum designers, academic supervisors, and institutions seeking to modernize engineering education.
Implementation of Educational Robotics in Inclusive Classroom from the Lenses of Pre-service Teachers
The integration of Educational Robotics (ER) into inclusive educational environments holds considerable potential for creating equitable, adaptive, and future-oriented learning experiences. This study explores pre-service teachers' attitudes and perceptions towards implementing ER in inclusive classrooms at the Institute of Teacher Education, Technical Education Campus (IPGKPT), Malaysia. Anchored within global educational frameworks, including the OECD Learning Compass 2030, UN Sustainable Development Goal 4, Malaysia’s Digital Education Policy 2023–2030, and Malaysia TVET Policy 2030, the research positions ER as central to transformative education agendas. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected from 61 pre-service teachers enrolled in the Bachelor of Teaching Program (PISMP) through a structured questionnaire validated for reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.90). Descriptive statistical analyses indicated that pre-service teachers demonstrate a very high positive attitude towards the role of technology in education (M = 4.32, SD = 0.64). Participants also highly valued ER’s potential for enriching inclusive teaching strategies (M = 4.12, SD = 0.68). Moreover, respondents recognized ER's significant contribution to developing essential competencies among students with Special Educational Needs (SEN), notably digital literacy, creative expression, and problem-solving skills (M = 4.30, SD = 0.67). Despite these positive perceptions, pre-service teachers identified critical barriers to ER adoption, notably insufficient technical skills and infrastructural limitations. The findings highlight the urgent necessity for targeted professional development and pedagogical training in ER to effectively integrate these technologies into diverse classroom settings. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse in inclusive digital education by emphasizing ER's capacity to support differentiated instruction and promote active engagement among learners with diverse educational needs. Recommendations for enhancing teacher education curricula, strategic policy implementation, and avenues for future research are provided, aligning closely with the objectives outlined in Malaysia’s Digital Education Policy 2023–2030.
Enhancing Business Pitching Skills through Teaching Innovation: Leveraging Microsoft Team Speaker Coach
In today’s fast-evolving agribusiness landscape, the ability to deliver a persuasive business pitch is no longer optional; it is essential. Agropreneurs must be able to communicate innovative solutions clearly and confidently, particularly when seeking funding or entering competitive markets. Yet, agricultural education often lacks sufficient tools for real-time feedback and iterative improvement. To address this pedagogical gap, this study employed a within-subjects pre-post experimental design to evaluate the effect of Microsoft Teams Speaker Coach, an AI-powered communication feedback tool, on students’ pitching performance. A total of 33 Diploma in Agropreneurship students from the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, UiTM Sabah Branch, participated in this study. Descriptive analysis showed a significant improvement in performance; the mean pitching score improved from 27.97 (pre-test) to 30.76 (post-test) with a statistically significant difference confirmed by a paired samples t-test (t = 6.11, p = < .001.), indicating that the integration of AI-powered feedback produced a meaningful enhancement in students’ ability to pitch agricultural business ideas effectively. Beyond offering empirical evidence for AI’s role in education, this study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by embedding innovation, digital literacy, and learner-centered strategies into skill-based curriculum design. Nonetheless, the study recognises a key limitation: research on AI coaching tools for pitching remains scarce, with limited scientific validation and evidence to confirm their sustained impact. This highlights the urgent need for future studies to expand the empirical base and rigorously test AI-assisted pedagogies to ensure that their adoption in education is both evidence-based and transformative.
Technology Acceptance and Its Impact on Student Dependency in Assignment Completion at Politeknik Kota Bharu
This study aims to assess the impact of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on students’ reliance in completing academic assignments among diploma students at Malaysian Polytechnics. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1989), this study examines the extent to which students accept and use AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot in the context of daily learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire distributed to polytechnic students, and the data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to identify the relationship between variables. The findings show that perceptions of ease of use and usefulness of AI have a significant relationship with the level of students’ use and reliance. Over-reliance is detected when students use AI not only as a learning aid, but also as a shortcut in completing assignments, thus affecting critical thinking and academic autonomy. This study concludes that although AI benefits students in terms of understanding and productivity, the level of reliance needs to be monitored ethically and systematically. Therefore, the study recommends that higher education institutions develop clear AI usage policies, increase ethical awareness among students, and include AI literacy in the curriculum as an effort to balance effective technology use and self-directed learning.
Gamified Learning and Entrepreneurial Skill Development: The Case of Business Adventure – The Entrepreneur’s Quest in Malaysian Polytechnics
Today's world shows an increasing demand for educational resources that go beyond theory, aiming to develop practical skills and encourage an entrepreneurial mindset. This is evident in the rapid changes in economic landscapes, innovation, and entrepreneurship. The Entrepreneur’s Quest: Business Adventure is an innovative educational board game designed to transform how business and entrepreneurship concepts are taught especially to diploma and undergraduate students. Moving beyond passive learning, the game engages players in an active simulation where they must navigate the complexities of starting and growing a business from launching a startup to managing a corporate empire. Unlike conventional board games, this game combines a structured knowledge system through tier up question cards covering management, marketing, strategy, and digital entrepreneurship. Players must answer questions given correctly to make strategic moves such as purchasing properties, upgrading businesses, and making investment decisions. The inclusion of real-world inspired event cards such as market crashes, tech booms, and product recalls has added layers of unpredictability and critical decision-making. By doing so, it’s allowing players to experience the volatility and excitement of entrepreneurial ventures in a lower risk setting. This study adopts a design-based research (DBR) methodology to evaluate the educational impact of the game among a group of diploma students in polytechnic. Data collected through observations, focus group discussions, and pre/post-game surveys reveal that the game significantly enhances commitment, motivation, and comprehension of core business concepts. Students reported increased confidence in applying theory to practice, along with improvements in financial literacy, strategic thinking, and teamwork. The results verify the game's effectiveness as both a revision tool and a platform for experiential learning. It encourages students to think critically, collaborate, and adapt to challenges as skills essential in today’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. Furthermore, the game's content aligns with current trends in digital business, such as innovation, online marketing, and globalization, making it a relevant and future-oriented teaching tool. This product innovation recommends integrating The Entrepreneur’s Quest into entrepreneurship and management curricula to complement conventional teaching methods. It also proposes digital adaptation and content customization to be broad and versatile. Ultimately, this gamified approach redefines how management and entrepreneurship is taught, making learning more engaging, outstanding, and impactful.
entreprenuership; management; educational board game.
Physicochemical Analysis of Cookies Enriched With Sugar Cane Bagasse Fibre
Sugar cane bagasse, a discarded plant fibre remaining subsequent to the extraction of sugar cane juice, holds significant value as an abundant source of insoluble dietary fibres. These fibres offer a wide range of applications in various industries, including both the food and non-food sectors. Despite its potential, the comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties of sugar cane bagasse fibre for its role in cookie production is currently lacking or disregarded in evaluation processes. This study focused on utilizing sugar cane bagasse, a by-product of sugar extraction, for enhancing cookies. The bagasse was processed into powder after steam treatment, and cookies were made with different levels of bagasse powder (2%, 4%, and 6%). The study assessed the cookies' moisture content, crude fibre, and textural properties. The findings revealed that the cookies with bagasse (F1 6%) had higher moisture content (3.67±0.1274%), and the crude fibre content (2.02±0.871%) increased with the bagasse level. While there were no significant differences in hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness between the samples, cookies with bagasse had lower hardness (14047.33±21048.66) and springiness (0.366±0.152) but higher cohesiveness (0.0733±0.01155) than control cookies. The study highlights the potential of using sugar cane bagasse fibre in cookies, contributing to waste reduction in the food industry.
Physicochemical Properties And Formulation Screening Of Rabbit Soy Patty Using Plackett-Burman Design Method
Rabbit meat is a highly nutritious and lean protein source, containing essential amino acids crucial for tissue development. Soy dreg, a high-protein agricultural by-product, can potentially enhance the nutritional profile of rabbit meat products. Despite these benefits, rabbit meat remains an unpopular choice among Malaysian consumers. This study aimed to screen the formulation of rabbit soy patty using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD), analyse protein content and texture, and determine the best formulation through response optimization techniques. Minitab software version 20.2 was used to create 12 formulations based on PBD, and the resulting patties were evaluated for physicochemical properties. Texture analysis revealed that shortening significantly affected hardness with p-value 0.046 leading to a softer texture. Protein content analysis showed that ice, isolated soy protein (ISP), soy dreg, and rabbit meat had the most significant effect with p-values of 0.004, 0.005, 0.016, and 0.023, respectively. PBD successfully identified four key parameters (ice, ISP, soy dreg, and rabbit meat) that significantly influence protein content and texture. This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential advantages of incorporating soy dreg into rabbit meat patties to increase protein content and improve texture. Future research should focus on optimizing soy dreg inclusion levels, exploring ingredient interactions, and investigating new processing methods to further enhance the nutritional profile and sensory attributes of rabbit soy patties. Effective dissemination and collaboration with industry partners are crucial to promote the adoption of this sustainable approach to food production and address global food security challenges.
Evaluating the Usability of the TrackMyStaff Mobile Application for Efficient Staff Movement Tracking
This study evaluated the usability of TrackMyStaff, a mobile application developed on the Google Appsheet platform for digitizing staff movement tracking within the Department of Mathematics, Sciences and Computer at Politeknik Ungku Omar. Aiming to replace a manual, paper-based system, the application was deployed on users' mobile devices. Usability assessment was conducted through a comprehensive questionnaire administered to all department members, focusing on identifying the application’s strengths and weaknesses across key usability dimensions: Layout, Functionality, Ease of Use, Learnability, and Satisfaction. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed positive findings across all dimensions. Users generally reported satisfaction with the application's layout, finding it intuitive and well-organized. The application's functionality was deemed appropriate and effective for tracking staff movements, and users found it easy to use and learn. High levels of user satisfaction indicate that the application meets user needs and preferences. However, areas requiring improvement were also identified, such as limited feedback mechanisms. These findings provide valuable insights for informing design refinements and future iterations of the application. The study concludes that TrackMyStaff demonstrates strong potential for improving staff movement tracking processes within the department. It offers a more efficient and convenient alternative to traditional methods. However, further testing and development are recommended to address identified usability issues and ensure scalability and robustness for wider deployment across the institution.
Performance And Durability Enhanced Composite Nanomaterial Membrane For Fuel Cell Applications
The proton exchange membrane (PEM) based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) is developing into a promising alternative to Nafion for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC). While Nafion membranes are effective at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures, their performance deteriorates significantly at temperatures above 80 °C, making them unsuitable for the operation of HT-PEMFCs. PBI membranes, on the other hand, have excellent thermal stability and durability, making them well-suited for high-temperature conditions. However, their relatively low proton conductivity (between 10-15 mS/cm) poses a challenge for efficient HT-PEMFC performance. This study aims to synthesise and investigate the effects of incorporating the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]) on the physicochemical properties, ionic characteristics, and overall performance of polybenzimidazole/graphene oxide (PBI-GO) composite membranes in HT PEMFCs. The PBI composite membranes were prepared with a fixed weight percentage of 2 wt% graphene oxide (GO) and different concentrations of [BMIM][Cl] (from 1 to 3 wt%) by the solution casting method. The results showed that the composite membrane with 2 wt% [BMIM][Cl] (PBI-GO-[BMIM][Cl] (2 wt%)) exhibited optimal ion morphology distribution and lower acid leaching (about 54% loss after 5 hours). In addition, the PBI-GO-[BMIM][Cl] (2 wt%) membrane showed a significantly improved maximum power density of 128.45 mW cm-² at 160 °C compared to the PBI-GO-[BMIM][Cl] (2 wt%) composite membrane, which showed a maximum power density of only 106.70 mW cm-² at 25 °C. The improved performance of the PBI-GO-[BMIM][Cl] (2 wt%) membrane indicates its potential as a cost-effective and highly efficient material for HT-PEMFC applications. The use of this membrane in fuel cell technology could lead to significant cost savings in maintenance and energy consumption, while contributing to a reduction in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions, in line with industry targets for sustainable energy solutions.
Do You Prefer Virtual Tourism (VT)? The Use of Minecraft in Developing Titania Virtual Theme Park
Virtual theme parks (VTPs) are revolutionizing entertainment by merging traditional amusement with digital technology, offering immersive home-based experiences. This study developed an accessible and enjoyable VTP on platforms like Minecraft, specifically targeting inclusive tourism experiences for individuals with disabilities. We investigated factors influencing the intention to participate in VTP tourism, grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Key factors examined included performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and innovativeness. A preliminary quantitative study involving 50 participants, utilizing an adapted questionnaire, revealed that hedonic motivation had the strongest correlation with intention to use, emphasizing the need for engaging VTP experiences. Performance expectancy also showed a strong positive correlation, highlighting the importance of high-quality, reliable platforms. Facilitating conditions and price value were significant, indicating that practical considerations like resource availability and cost-effectiveness are crucial for adoption. Social influence and innovativeness further underscored the role of social dynamics and openness to new technologies. The study concludes that VTPs offer a forward-thinking, sustainable, and inclusive solution for the entertainment industry. Future research should explore long-term sustainability, environmental impacts, and VTPs' potential to bridge the gap between sustainability, gaming, and tourism, optimizing experiences for diverse groups, especially individuals with disabilities.
The Cultural Visual Elements Significance of Malaysian Spice Powder Packaging Design
Culture is the set of shared, fluid, and abstract beliefs, values, routines, traditions, and artistic expressions that exist within a particular social group. The research aims to understand the cultural significance of visual elements in spice powder packaging design. 104 participants will be surveyed to understand their preferences for cultural representation. The results will provide insights into how to integrate cultural factors into packaging design, ensuring customer resonance without cultural appropriation. The study uses songkets, floral patterns, colour, font, photography, and traditional motifs to represent Malaysia's cultural diversity. The goal is to advance culturally sensitive and inclusive design techniques, increase branding, and improve the visual appearance of the final packaging product.
The Experimental Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor Using Field Control Method via MATLAB Simulink
DC Shunt motor speed control using a field control method is a method that researchers have studied. The study of the characteristics of the motor, primarily in controlling the motor speed, is performed by this research with a constant input voltage. The research was done to indicate that both techniques, which are laboratory experiments and the MATLAB/Simulink model, can be executed. The outcome is to produce the desired speed of the DC Shunt Motor model via MATLAB/Simulink, as well as the result from the laboratory experiment. The external resistor is used in this experiment as a rheostat, where the resistance is varied. Variation of external resistance appears to reflect on the control of the speed of the DC motor. Simulation and laboratory experiment results indicate that the speed using the simulation model via MATLAB/Simulink is quite similar to the speed using the laboratory experiment result, and based on that, it shows the DC Shunt motor speed can be controlled using a field control method.
Developing Carbon Monoxide Gas Detectors In Vehicle Cabins
A vehicle will produce carbon monoxide (CO) gas when an incomplete combustion occurs. CO is odourless and colourless. The MQ-9 sensor is installed on the vehicle to detect the presence of CO in the vehicle cabin. The detection of CO in the vehicle cabin involves the MQ-9 Sensor, Arduino Mega 2560, and Raspberry Pi. When the MQ-9 Sensor detects CO in the vehicle's cabin, it will send a voltage to the Arduino Mega 2560, and the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) will display the existence of CO. It will also display the activity of the MQ-9 Sensor. This system will generate an alarm signal and activate the Power Window Motor to pull the vehicle window open 2 inches to increase the Oxygen content in the vehicle. The alarm will sound again when the MQ-9 sensor no longer detects the presence of CO in the vehicle cabin, and the Power Window Motor will raise the window again. At the same time, Raspberry Pi will send information about the presence of CO to the vehicle owner's mobile phone. Indirectly, this approach will help prevent deaths from CO poisoning in vehicles.