Implementation of Multi-Hop Communication in Wireless Sensor Network for Flood Early Warning Monitoring System

Abstract

A system has been created for a flood early warning monitoring system using LoRa-based multi-hop communication based on several limitations that LoRa has in its implementation of single-hop communication and end devices are located in dark spots or areas that are difficult to reach by the network. The research method starts with creating sensor nodes, relays, and gateways and measuring system performance. The results of system performance measurements are shown by the highest average RSSI value for multi-hop communications being -56.6 dBm at a distance of 20m and the lowest being -85.2 dBm at a distance of 300 m. Meanwhile, the highest average RSSI value for single-hop communication was -79 dBm at a distance of 20 m and 50 m and the lowest was -85.2 dBm at a distance of 150 m. The PDR value in multi-hop communication is 100% up to a distance of 300 m and the PDR value in single-hop communication is 100% up to a distance of 150 m, while in multi-hop communication it is 100% up to a distance of 600 m. The system can monitor data readings from rain sensors and ultrasonic sensors using the NodeMCU ESP8266 on the Thinkspeak web server via a smartphone screen. Overall the tool can function well.