Empowering Students' Problem-Solving Skills through CDIO-Based Learning Algorithm Using Sphero as Learning Tool in Programming

Abstract

This action research investigates the effectiveness of a CDIO-based learning module using the Sphero robot to enhance algorithmic understanding and problem-solving skills among Semester 1 students enrolled in Programming Fundamental (SFC 10403) at Kolej Komuniti Gopeng. Eighteen students completed identical pre-test and post-test Likert-scale questionnaires assessing algorithmic comprehension and problem-solving ability, while structured teacher observation checklists tracked engagement and participation. Post-intervention mean scores increased substantially from approximately 2.17–2.44 in pre-test to 3.78–4.33 in post-test, indicating significant gains. This study addresses a research gap in the integration of CDIO pedagogy with educational robotics at the community college level, an area underexplored in existing literature. The findings suggest that combining CDIO with robotics offers a powerful, hands-on approach for strengthening programming pedagogy and aligning TVET curriculum design with Industry 4.0 skills demands, making it a valuable model for broader adoption in STEM and TVET education.